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Feasibility of Iterative Learning Control Mediated by Functional Electrical Stimulation for Reaching After Stroke

School of Health Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, ah10{at}soton.ac.uk

C.T. Freeman, PhD

School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

J.H. Burridge, PhD

School of Health Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

P.H. Chappell, PhD

School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

P.L. Lewin, PhD

School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

E. Rogers, DSc

School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Background. An inability to perform tasks involving reaching is a common problem following stroke. Evidence supports the use of robotic therapy and functional electrical stimulation (FES) to reduce upper limb impairments, but current systems may not encourage maximal voluntary contribution from the participant because assistance is not responsive to performance. Objective. This study aimed to investigate whether iterative learning control (ILC) mediated by FES is a feasible intervention in upper limb stroke rehabilitation. Methods. Five hemiparetic participants with reduced upper limb function who were at least 6 months poststroke were recruited from the community. No participants withdrew. Intervention. Participants undertook supported tracking tasks using 27 different trajectories augmented by responsive FES to their triceps brachii muscle, with their hand movement constrained in a 2-dimensional plane by a robot. Eighteen 1-hour treatment sessions were used with 2 participants receiving an additional 7 treatment sessions. Outcome measures. The primary functional outcome measure was the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Impairment measures included the upper limb Fugl— Meyer Assessment (FMA), tests of motor control (tracking accuracy), and isometric force. Results. Compliance was excellent and there were no adverse events. Statistically significant improvements were measured (P .05) in FMA motor score, unassisted tracking for 3 out of 4 trajectories, and in isometric force over 5 out of 6 directions. Changes in ARAT were not statistically significant. Conclusion. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using ILC mediated by FES for upper limb stroke rehabilitation.

Key Words: Functional electrical stimulation • Stroke rehabilitation • Arm movement • Robotic therapy • Iterative learning control • Hemiplegia

This version was published on July 1, 2009

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, Vol. 23, No. 6, 559-568 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1545968308328718


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