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Neural Internet: Web Surfing with Brain Potentials for the Completely Paralyzed

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany, International Max Planck Research School of Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Tübingen, Germany, ahmed.karim{at}uni-tuebingen.de

Thilo Hinterberger, PhD

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany

Jürgen Richter, MSc

Department of Computer Engineering, University of Tübingen, Germany

Jürgen Mellinger, MSc

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany

Nicola Neumann, PhD

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany

Herta Flor, PhD

Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Heidelberg, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Andrea Kübler, PhD

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany

Niels Birbaumer, PhD

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany, National Institute of Health, NINDS, Human Cortical Physiology Unit, Bethesda, MD, USA

Neural Internet is a new technological advancement in brain-computer interface research, which enables locked-in patients to operate a Web browser directly with their brain potentials. Neural Internet was successfully tested with a locked-in patient diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rendering him the first paralyzed person to surf the Internet solely by regulating his electrical brain activity. The functioning of Neural Internet and its clinical implications for motor-impaired patients are highlighted.

Key Words: Brain-computer interface (BCI) • Neuroprosthesis • Slow cortical potentials (SCP) • Neurofeedback • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) • Locked-in syndrome (LIS).

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